`arcpy` is a [[Python]] library for geospatial processing developed by Esri. Extend the functionality of [[ArcPro]] and create custom toolboxes using `arcpy`. If you really want to flex, you can do all of your geospatial processing in ArcPro using `arcpy` in the Python Window instead of the GUI toolbox interfaces.
You can also [[run standalone scripts with arcpy]] (i.e., not as a custom toolbox nor using the Python Window in ArcPro).