Integration by parts is a technique of integration which states
$\int uv' = uv - \int vu'$
When using integration by parts, a good tip is to let $v$ be the part for which it is easiest to find the [[antiderivative]].
## Derivation
This can be shown from the [[product rule]], which recall is
$(u*v)' = uv' + vu'$
If we integrate both sides we get
$uv = \int uv' + \int vu'$
Finally, rearranging terms we have the integration by parts formula
$\int uv' = uv - \int vu'$
## With limits
When provided limits of integration, you need to evaluate both terms for the limits.
$\int_a^b uv' = uv\Big |_a^b - \int_a^bvu'$
## Example
Let's solve the following integral
$\int x^2 ln(x) dx$
The term $x^2$ will be easiest to find the antiderivative of and so we'll let $u = ln(x)$ and $v' = x^2 dx$.
Finding the antiderivative of $x^2dx$ we get
$v=\frac13x^3$Finding the derivative of $ln(x)$ we get
$u' = \frac1xdx$
Plugging into the integration by parts formula, we have
$\int x^2 ln(x) dx = \frac13x^3ln(x) - \int\frac13x^3\frac1xdx$
Simplifying we have
$\int x^2 ln(x) dx = \frac13 x^3 ln(x)-\frac13 \int x^2 dx$
and solving for the integral
$\int x^2 ln(x) dx = \frac13 x^3 ln(x) - \frac13 * \frac13x^3 + C$
which can be simplified further to
$\int x^2 ln(x) dx = \frac13 x^3 ln(x) - \frac19 x^3 + C$
If the limits of integration were provided we can drop the constant and use the [[Fundamental Theorem of Calculus]] by plugging the upper and lower limits into the equation and calculating the difference.