Linguists use morphological and distributional evidence to determine word classes (not meaning!). Morphological evidence includes the derivational [[morphology]] of words (e.g., *walked* is probably a verb because *walk* is a verb). Distributional evidence is derived from the words nearby neighbors (e.g., a word preceded by an adjective is probably a noun). There is no standard list of parts of speech that works for all languages, but a universal set has been established that covers most needs from the Universal Dependencies project. **Open Class words**: class of words where new words may occur - ADJ (Adjective) - ADV (Adverb) - INTJ (Interjection) - NOUN - PROPN (Proper noun) - VERB **Closed class words**: class of words where new words will not occur - ADP (Adposition) - AUX (Auxilaary) - CONJ (Conjunction) - DET (Determiner) - NUM - PART - PRON **Other** - PUNCT (Punctuation) - SYM (Symbol) - X