A **project** is a *temporary* effort that creates value (contrast with ongoing operations). **Project management** consists of planning, organizing, leading and controlling projects. The [[Project Management Institute]] (PMI) defines project management as "the use of specific knowledge, skills, tools and techniques to deliver something of value to people." A **project manager** has the responsibility to initiate, plan, execute, monitor, and close the project. PMI refers to each of these responsibilities as **process groups**. PMI also defines 10 **knowledge areas** and 49 **processes**. Processes fit within a specific process group and coordinate with a specific knowledge area. ## Processes - **4. Project Integration Management** - Initiating - 4.1 Develop Project Charter - Planning - 4.2 Develop Project Management Plan - Executing - 4.3 Direct & Manage Project Work - 4.4 Manage Project Knowledge - Monitoring & Controlling - 4.5 Monitor & Control Project Work - 4.6 Perform Integrated Change Control - Closing - 4.7 Close Project - **5. Project Scope Management** - Planning - 5.1 Plan Scope Management - 5.2 Collect Requirements - 5.3 Define Scope - 5.4 Create WBS - Monitoring & Controlling - 5.5 Validate Scope - 5.6 Control Scope - **6. Project Schedule Management** - Planning - 6.1 Plan Schedule Management - 6.2 Define Activities - 6.3 Sequence Activities - 6.4 Estimate Activity Durations - 6.5 Develop Schedule - Monitoring & Controlling - 6.6 Control Schedule - **7. Project Cost Management** - Planning - 7.1 Plan Cost Management - 7.2 Estimate Costs - 7.3 Determine Budget - Monitoring & Controlling - 7.4 Control Costs - **8. Project Quality Management** - Planning - 8.1 Plan Quality Management - Executing - 8.2 Manage Quality - Monitoring & Controlling - 8.3 Control Quality - **9. Project Resource Management** - Planning - 9.1 Plan Resource Management - 9.2 Estimate Activity Resources - Executing - 9.3 Acquire Resources - 9.4 Develop Team - 9.5 Manage Team - Monitoring & Controlling - 9.6 Control Resources - **10. Project Communications Management** - Planning - 10.1 Plan Communications Management - Executing - 10.2 Manage Communications - Monitoring & Controlling - 10.3 Monitor Communications - **11. Project Risk Management** - Planning - 11.1 Plan Risk Management - 11.2 Identify Risks - 11.3 Perform Qualitative Risk Analysis - 11.4 Perform Quantitative Risk Analysis - 11.5 Plan Risk Responses - Executing - 11.6 Implement Risk Responses - Monitoring & Controlling - 11.7 Monitor Risks - **12. Project Procurement Management** - Planning - 12.1 Plan Procurement Management - Executing - 12.2 Conduct Procurements - Monitoring & Controlling - 12.3 Control Procurements - **13. Project Stakeholder Management** - Initiating - 13.1 Identify Stakeholders - Planning - 13.2 Plan Stakeholder Engagement - Executing - 13.3 Manage Stakeholder Engagement - Monitoring & Controlling - 13.4 Monitor Stakeholder Engagement Scope, budget, timeline, quality ## project initiation ## knowledge areas PMI defines ten knowledge areas. 1. **Integration management**: ensuring every element of the project is coordinated 2. **Scope management**: ensuring the project includes all required work 3. **Schedule management**: ensuring the project is completed on time 4. **Cost management**: completing the project within budget 5. **Quality management**: ensuring the project satisfies the requirements and delivers expected value 6. **Resource management**: ensuring the most efficient and effective use of people and resources 7. **Communications management**: ensuring project knowledge is communicated 8. **Risk management**: identifying, analyzing and responding to project risk 9. **Procurement management**: purchasing goods and services 10. **Stakeholder management**: identifying and developing relationships with all people having need-to-know status ## program management Program management is the coordinated management of multiple related projects to achieve broader organizational goals to create stakeholder value. A program manager oversees these interconnected projects, ensuring they align with strategic objectives and deliver benefits that support long-term organizational success. This role manages interdependencies between projects and focuses on broader initiatives, roadmaps, prioritization, and resource capacity, rather than the specific tasks of individual projects. ## portfolio management Portfolio management is the centralized management of one or more programs or project portfolios to achieve strategic objectives. It involves selecting and prioritizing an organization's projects and programs in alignment with its strategic goals and resource capacity. Portfolio managers assess potential projects' viability, ensuring they contribute to the organization's overall strategy and deliver maximum business value. ## program management office The program management office (PMO) is the centralized entity within an organization that establishes project management standards, selects projects, and oversees project execution.