Emotional intelligence was popularized by psychologist and author Daniel Goleman based on the paper "Emotional Intelligence" by Peter Salovey (Yale) and John D. Mayer (University of New Hampshire). Goleman expanded on the original concept, introducing four areas and 12 skills. **Self-awareness** lies at the heart of emotional and social intelligence. It describes the ability to recognize and understand our emotions, drives, strengths, and weaknesses. It enables us to sustain our positive efforts over time, despite setbacks. It is captured in the competency: - **Emotional self-awareness**: The ability to understand our own emotions and their effects on our performance. **Self-management** describes managing our emotions and behavior with focus and restraint. It includes four competencies: - **Emotional self-control**: The ability to keep disruptive emotions and impulses in check and maintain our effectiveness under stressful or hostile conditions. - **Achievement orientation**: Striving to meet or exceed a standard of excellence; looking for ways to do things better, set challenging goals and take calculated risks. - **Positive outlook**: The ability to see the positive in people, situations and events and our persistence in pursuing goals despite obstacles and setbacks. - **Adaptability**: Flexibility in handling change, juggling multiple demands and adapting our ideas or approaches. **Social awareness** equips us to tune in to others: individuals and groups. It helps us recognize and understand the emotions of others. It includes: - **Empathy**: The ability to sense others’ feelings and perspectives, taking an active interest in their concerns and picking up cues to what is being felt and thought. - **Organizational awareness**: The ability to read a group’s emotional currents and power relationships, identifying influencers, networks and dynamics. **Relationship management** is where emotional and social intelligence, or the lack of it, becomes most visible to others. Relationship management competencies impact on the motivation and performance of others, but they depend upon strengths in the Social awareness and Self-management competencies. Relationship management helps us apply emotional understanding in our dealings with others through: - **Influence**: The ability to have a positive impact on others, persuading or convincing in order to gain their support. - **Coach and mentor**: The ability to foster the long-term learning or development of others by giving feedback and support. - **Conflict management**: The ability to help others through emotional or tense situations, tactfully bringing disagreements into the open and finding solutions all can endorse. - **Inspirational leadership**: The ability to inspire and guide individuals and groups to get the job done, and to bring out the best in others. - **Teamwork**: The ability to work with others toward a shared goal; participating actively, sharing responsibility and rewards, and contributing to the capability of the team. > [!Tip]- Additional Resources > - [The power of EI | Korn Ferry Institute](https://www.kornferry.com/content/dam/kornferry-v2/featured-topics/pdf/PowerofEI.Winter2018.pdf)